目录: catalog, table of contents, directory (on computer hard drive), list, contents...
对抗: to withstand, to resist, to stand off, antagonism, confrontation...
霜: frost, white powder or cream spread over a surface, frosting, (skin) cream...
宽松: to relax (policy), relaxed...
机制: machine processed, machine made, mechanism...
地震: earthquake...
大量: great amount, large quantity, bulk, numerous, generous, magnanimous...
小型: small scale, small size...
树荫: shade of a tree...
起源: origin, to originate, to come from...
